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December 31, 2011

What Happens The Day Before A Thai Wedding?

The day before a Western wedding is the ‘Stag Night’ and the ‘Hen Night’. In northern Thailand it is not quite the same. As soon as the groom-to-be can be off work, the full-on party starts. It is more sedate with the bride-to-be who spends more time with her family.

The son will often just spend most of his time with his mates, usually sleeping ‘under the table’, if you know what I mean. The day before the wedding is reserved for spending with parents for both parties.

The day before the eve of the wedding is also a special day as the parents of both parties set up their parties with the help of friends and family. This is an all-day affair and people drink, sing and even dance as they are making the preparations.

On the eve of the wedding, people, particularly women, will meet at the dwellings of the bride and groom in order to cook. If the wedding is a big one, this could begin at 4-5 AM, but it usually begins at 8 AM.

Guests are welcome at any time after this, but non-cooks or non-helpers will usually stay away until at least 9 AM. The laggards might not get there until midday.

The whole day is a party of cooking, eating, dancing and drinking, usually to the accompaniment of live music or a disk jockey. It is not at all strange to have skimpily-clad dancing girls putting on a performance as well.

The music will be loud enough to be heard a block or two away and no-one would venture to complain about the noise from such a happy event. However, not everybody is invited to most weddings as they are usually held in the backyard.

Bigger weddings might be held in the Temple. I have never been to a village in Thailand that does not have its own Temple. Some small villages of merely 500 inhabitants have two Temples. A Temple used to hold numerous monks, but these days 9-12 is normal.

It is reasonably cheap to hold a wedding or a wedding party in a Temple, but most households do not because Temples are ‘open ground’ and you may have more ‘guests’ than you bargained for. Gate-crashing is not unheard of.

As the evening develops, people will be required to sing a song and there will be dancing. This will go on until around midnight, which makes it a long day and the wedding day for real starts at about 7 AM the next day.

The parents of the groom are expected to help cook at the bride’s home the next morning. This involves meeting all the closest friends of the bride’s parents and is a good way of bonding. it normally results in both families and all their best friends becoming fairly close for many years to come.

Owen Jones, the author of this article, writes on numerous topics, but is now concerned with Khao Phansa – The Candle Festival. If you would like to know more, please visit our web site at Package Holidays to Thailand.

December 30, 2011

The Build-Up To A Northern Thai Wedding

There are different traditions with regard to Thai weddings, as there are in the majority of countries. The two most predominant religions are Islam (in a couple of provinces near to Malaysia) and Buddhism in the overwhelming majority of Thailand.

However, in spite of the fact that the overwhelming majority of Thais are Buddhist, there are regional variations in the process of getting married. I live in northern Thailand in Uttaradit, about 25 km from the first Thai capital of Sri Satchenalai, which implies that the ceremonies from this region are the oldest in Thailand.

The process of getting wed in Thailand begins with a young man and a young woman. That seems obvious, but Thais do not usually undergo arranged marriages. Traditionally, if the couple move in together, they are betrothed, but this tradition is breaking down.

If the young couple are certain that they would like to get married, then they ask their parents to arrange the details. The first thing to arrange is the dowry. In Europe, the dowry was traditionally paid by the bride’s parents, but in Thailand, it is paid by the groom’s.

Until 1932, it was very common for men to have mistresses called ‘Little Wives’. The practice is officially discouraged, but it still goes on. After all, there is no social security and if a woman is left by her husband, voluntarily or through an early death, she has to find a way of taking care of herself and her children.

This is the origin of the reason why the groom pays the dowry. If the man fails to take care of his ‘First Wife’, she can leave him and she has her dowry to sell so that she and the kids are not destitute. It gives her a breathing space to find a job or a new husband.

Most women choose a dowry of pure gold. Thai women prefer less, but purer gold than the average European. Thai gold is usually 98%-100% pure and is normally 24 carat.

So, the parents of the loving couple meet and they discuss ‘a price’ – we prefer the term dowry. The dowry comes in two units: gold and cash. As in English we have a pound sterling and a pound avoir-du-pois, Thais have a Baht as their currency and a Baht as a weight (of gold).

One Baht of gold is 15.2 grammes. Internationally, a Troy ounce of gold is 31.10 grammes. So, one Baht of gold is merely less than half-an-ounce. The Thai Baht in currency varies as do all currencies, but is now , quite stable at 30 Baht = $1.

A typical dowry may be two Baht in gold and 50,000 Baht in cash. The two Baht in gold goes to the bride as an advanced divorce payment and the 50,000 Baht goes to the mother-in-law. She can do what she wants with this money.

She would normally spend most of it on the wedding party and the remainder, she would normally give to the newly-weds. Honeymoons are not normal in the rural north, but as the economy is growing, young people do increasingly like to take a honeymoon.

Owen Jones, the writer of this piece, writes on numerous subjects, but is now involved with Khao Phansa – The Candle Festival. If you would like to know more, please visit our web site at Package Holidays to Thailand.

January 4, 2011

A Brief History Of Buddhism

Buddhism was started by the adherents of Siddhartha Gautama (circa 563-483 BC). He was born into a Hindu family of the kshatriya caste in what is now called Nepal. At the age of 29, he left his wife and infant son and went in search of enlightenment.

He achieved enlightenment some time later while sitting under a bodhi tree near Patna. After 49 days of rapture and resisting temptations (Mara), He, now known as Buddha, formed an order of monks and went forth to teach the word. After 45 years of teaching their philosophy of enlightenment Buddha died and reached Nirvana, the state in which ‘ideas and consciousness cease to exist’.

One of the most central concepts to Buddhists is the Tipitaka (the ‘Three Baskets’), which is a record of the Buddha’s doctrines as set down by His early followers after his death. The writings in these ‘three baskets’ tell the story of Buddha’s life (Buddha); record his laws (Dharma); and his guidelines for establishing and running a monastic order (Sangha).

Buddhists believe in reincarnation and the wheel of life in a comparable way to Hindus. They also believe that this cycle of life, death and rebirth can be broken by achieving enlightenment. Enlightenment can be gained by devotion to the Four Noble Truths.

Life is impermanent despite the cycle of life, death and rebirth and can only create suffering (dukka) because of the pursuit of mortal desires. Suffering and desire can just be conquered by achieving Nirvana, which can be achieved by following the Eightfold Path, otherwise known as the ‘Middle Way’.

The Middle Way consists of: correct belief, thought, speech, action, livelihood, work, mindfulness and concentration. These form the nucleus of Buddhist ethics.

A hallmark of Buddhism is the monastic order. Men can become monks for a couple of years or for life. There is also a female monastic order. In some sects, boys go into the monastery for a period of between a few weeks and a couple of months as part of their passage into adulthood. Boys in Thailand are expected to become monks for a number of weeks before they eventually get married.

Monks live an austere life in monasteries or temples. Each village has a temple in much the same manner as western villages have a church, but each temple tries to uphold a population of at least nine monks, which is thought to be the perfect number for some of their duties like blessing a house or carrying out a wedding ceremony.

Buddhist monks live on alms given by the local villagers. In Thailand the young monks walk the streets in the early morning collecting donations of food, which has to be consumed before midday, after which they may not eat. Monks are not permitted any contact with women at all. They may not even sit next to them on a bus or give the fare to a female bus conductress.

Buddhist temples are principally for personal contemplation and meditation. They are open to anyone twenty-four hours a day and people use them to gain respite from the hustle and bustle of every day life. Group prayer meetings are far less common a characteristic of Buddhism than they are in Judaism, Christianity, Islam or even Hinduism.

Owen Jones, the writer of this article writes on many topics but is currently concerned with Easter.If you would like to read more, please go over to our web site entitled Celebrating Easter

January 3, 2011

Buddhism And The Three Chief Buddhist Sects

After Buddha’s death in 483 BC, his closest adherents (his disciple monks) took time off their preaching to write down his sermons (sutras) and his regulations (vinayas). In the old convention of Buddha, monks originally walked the countryside preaching and teaching for nine months of the year and went to sit out the monsoon period in a retreat for three months.

These retreats became monasteries and temples. This retreat into monasteries was instrumental in the development of different interpretations of Buddha’s teachings and ultimately led to the formation of different sects which acquired popularity in different regions of Asia.

There are three main Buddhist sects: Theravada, Mahayana and Vajrayana or Tantric Buddism.

Theravada Buddhism is the predominant sect in Sri Lanka, Myanmar and Thailand and is the sect that remains most faithful to Buddha’s original teachings. Theravada Buddhism teaches that the road to the attainment of personal Nirvana is the aim of life. It is a very personal religion in that everybody is alone on their own path to enlightenment.

Mahayana Buddism became the largest sect and spread along the Silk Road from India through China to east Asia beginning in about 200 BC. Mahayana Buddhists worship Buddha and the Buddhist saints (bodhisattvas – literally ‘wisdom beings’).

Bodhisattvas are beings that restrain themselves from attaining Nirvana (and therefore leaving the wheel of life or cycle of birth, death and reincarnation) so that they may help others achieve Nirvana, which is a major difference between it and Theravada Buddhism.

Mahayana Buddhism is more readily absorbed by different cultures than the other forms which accounts for it having spread so far. The Buddhist emperor Ashoka (272-232 BC) gave Mahayana a huge boost in popularity by despatching missionaries to Sri Lanka, south-east Asia and China from where it was taken to Korea and Japan in the Sixth Century anno domini.

Zen Buddhism grew in popularity in Japan and China in the Seventh Century. Zen Buddhism is a variant of Mahayana Buddhism and teaches that Nirvana can be attained through mental conditioning and meditation.

Vajrayana or Tantric Buddhism arose in the Seventh Century as well and is most common in Tibet and Mongolia. Vajrayana Buddhism tries to identify the initiate with a visualized deity. Tantric cannon includes esoteric writings, teaching that meditation can engage the mind by the use of mantras (chants), mudras (hand gestures) and mandalas (visible icons). The Dalai Lama is the spiritual and temporal head of Tibetan Vajrayana Buddhists.

Buddhism reached its height of popularity in China during the T’ang dynasty in the Ninth Century, when it was partially suppressed by royal command. Likewise Zen attained its height of popularity in the Nineteen Century when the Japanese royal family switched to Shintoism taking many of the royal hangers-on with it. Buddhism declined in India as well in the Eighth Century because lots of its concepts were absorbed into Hinduism. Buddism was to all intents and purposes extinct in India by the Thirteenth Century.

Owen Jones, the author of this article writes on many topics but is at present concerned with Easter.If you would like to read more, please go over to our website entitled Celebrating Easter

December 20, 2010

Archery Equipment

Archery has been practiced for a long time. Bows have been found from at least 2,500 years before Christ, so 4,500 years ago. It is also probable that archery goes back a couple of thousand years before that, but because most bows were made solely of wood, they have not lasted.

In the early days, bows were utilized for hunting and keeping raiders away. Nowadays, there are still some cultures that rely on hunting with bows and arrows to put meat on the table and there are also people who decide to do it that way for sport.

The equipment concerned with archery is essentially a bow and an arrow, but it goes deeper than that. If you genuinely want to get involved in archery, you may want to consider making your own bow, your own arrows and your own practice butts.

There are excellent kits for making your own bows, but there are too many types of bows for us to go into all of them in this article. However, be assured that if you do want to make your own bow, you will find a description of the resources and the methods on the Internet.

You can also make your own arrows and that is an easier topic to deal with. If you start with the shaft, it can be crafted of wood, aluminium alloy or carbon fibre, all of which can be bought easily. Then, at the sharp end, you can choose your tip or point.

The arrow head should match the task that the arrow is meant for. If it is meant to kill, then a broadhead, if it is meant to make a hole in a sheet of paper, then a simple brass tip.

The flights can be bought separately too. You can feathers or plastic and with a little experience, you can use feathers that you have acquired yourself. Goose feathers were traditionally the ones preferred.

Lastly there is the nock, which is the part of the arrow that connects with the string. The nock can be as simple as a ‘v’ or a ‘u’ cut in the arrow, or it can be a plastic or metal item that is slotted over the end of the arrow.

The bow string is too hard to make oneself, unless you really want to go into that technology. The bow string is more easily bought.

Archery targets, the round ones, you associate with target archery are a different kettle of fish, because you definitely can make them yourself. You first have to get hold of a load of straw and then grab handfuls of it. Bind these handfuls of straw into ‘ropes’ and make a circle like a Catherine Wheel out of them.

Stitch these together until they form the size target you require. Place this on an easel or nail it to a tree and then pin the traditional archery target to the front of it.

You can draw the conventional concentric circles on cloth, canvas or paper. It does not have to cost a lot to enjoy archery. Remember that 5,000 or 500 years ago, people did not have much, yet they still enjoyed their sport or hobby of archery.

Owen Jones, the author of this article writes on various topics, but is currently involved with archery bows for sale. If you would like to know more or for special offers, please go to our website at Kids Archery Set.

December 10, 2010

Archery As A Pastime And A Sport

We are all being encouraged to get out more frequently, so many people are looking for a reason for doing it. You could choose a spectator sport like football, but that is not really going to do your body much good, you should be looking for a participation sport.

If you are younger, then play soccer by all means, but if you are getting on a bit, you will most likely be looking for a sport that is not quite so strenuous. Men like to aim and shoot things even if not kill them. Golf is an option, but I want to recommend that you give archery a try.

Archery has the edge over shooting a gun because it requires some physical strength. It is not just a question of pulling, sorry, squeezing a trigger. If you take up archery, you will probably want to develop some more upper-body strength, especially if the heaviest work you have done for the last twenty years is pick up a pen.

Archery is an rounded sport in many ways, depending on how much you get into it. Most novices will start out by going to an archery club and joining in for the day. People will lend them a bow and show them the safety aspects and the correct way to hold a bow and shoot an arrow. This should give you a good notion of which sort of bow you would like.

After a week or two, you might buy your own bow and you may move from indoor target archery to outdoor target archery or even field archery, which is virtual hunting. From there, you will almost certainly meet people who take archery a step further. You will meet competition archers, bow hunters and people who make their own equipment.

You might find one of these aspects of archery enthralling. You may take up bow hunting or even bow fishing. This will lead you off at a tangent, because you will have to learn about the animals that you hunt. You will have to learn where they live and what their lifestyles are. This means research.

Or you can take up the archery equivalent of clay pigeon shooting, which is called field archery. In field archery, the archers walk around a course and replica animals or standard targets will become visible at diverse distances. This is enjoyable.

You will also meet individuals who like to make their own arrows or even their own bows. This is another fascinating feature of archery. You can purchase the different components that go to make up an arrow and you can buy a kit to make a bow or you can start from scratch with an axe, a knife and a lathe. Again you will need to do a lot of research, in order to get your archery equipment just the way you want it.

This will lead you down yet another tangent to archery, but it will enhance your understanding of archery, increase your enjoyment of the sport and, as they say, add another string to your bow.

Owen Jones, the writer of this piece writes on several subjects, but is presently involved with longbows for sale. If you would like to know more or for special offers, please go to our website at Kids Archery Set.

December 9, 2010

Tips For Archery Fishing

Archery fishing is also called bow fishing and it is as ancient as the bow and arrow themselves. We in the West tend to think that only poorer tribesmen in Third World countries go bow fishing, but that is not quite true.

These days the hunting of mammals is strictly regulated and so some people who like to hunt with a bow will switch to bow fishing if the animals that they like to hunt, say deer, are out of season. Some other people, who would not hunt a deer or bear are very happy to kill fish in this way.

Bow fishing is a skillful sport, but the equipment need not necessarily be hi-tech. The fact is that you can use whatever bow you have or you can just make one. It does not have to be strong, because the quarry is seldom more than ten feet away. You categorically do not need a 100 lbf longbow to kill a trout.

Having said that, any bow used for fishing will need to be adapted slightly – you will need to attach a reel to it, but it does not have to be anything fancy. There are three principal types of reel for use in bow fishing: hand-wrap, spincast and retriever and the line is usually braided nylon of approximately eighty pounds although you might require six hundred pound breaking strain line for alligators or sharks.

It is worth checking out the laws with regard to bow fishing in your country or state, because sometimes bow fishermen have to be licensed and sometimes getting that license involves having been on a safety course.

Some regions will even have regulations concerning the kind of gear you can use in bow fishing and of course, some fish have seasonal restrictions.

Bow fishing is a mixture of fishing and hunting, so you could have to learn some new skills like tying knots for example. You will need to be able to tie the line to the reel and the arrow and those knots will need to be able to put up with the tremendous acceleration that an arrow leaving a bow goes through without failing.

The bow may not be different much from a standard bow, but the arrows certainly do. Arrows for bow fishing are usually a lot heavier that air-flight arrows. They also have barbed tips to stop the fish escaping or just slipping off when you reel it in. The arrows do not have fletching either because flights are apt to deflect the true course of the arrow in water – the reverse of in the air.

There are three main techniques used in bow fishing: 1] you can put down ground bait and lie in wait. – an over hanging tree or high rock is good for this; 2] you can float down stream in a boat while sitting or standing in the prow; 3] you can wander into the stream like a salmon fisherman.

Compensating for the refraction of the water is the most difficult ability to learn and that means knowing the water well too.

Owen Jones, the author of this article writes on several subjects, but is currently concerned with archery recurve bows. If you would like to know more or for special offers, please go to our website at Kids Archery Set.

December 3, 2010

Archery Targets

Archery can be classified as a sport or a hobby and it has its own class at the Olympic Games. Archers either hunt wild game animals or aim at targets or both. If you shoot at targets in a competition, it is the collective score of all your arrows that is used to work out your rank in that competition. The nearer the centre of the target that the arrow hits, the higher the tally.

Target archery can also be sub-divided into two categories: field archery and target archery. In target archery, the archer stands in a preset spot. If there are a number of archers, they can stand in a row and all shoot together on command from the person in charge of enforcing the rules and safety. Any kind of bow can usually be used in target archery, although only compound bows may be used in the Olympic Games.

In field archery, the targets are of diverse sizes and are placed at different distances. The archer moves around the course, so there is no one fixed shooting spot. The targets may be the well-known round targets with concentric rings or they may be life-size models of wild animals like bears, moose and foxes.

The bows used in field archery are more often than not traditional style bows: longbows, flat bows and recurves, although archers may use any bow that they like. When stalking live animals, compound bows are usually used because they are smaller, so more manoeuvrable, yet they are still very powerful.

Archery targets are traditionally made from straw bundled and tied together to form ropes. These ropes of straw are then wrapped around themselves like a Catherine Wheel and stitched together. The cloth or paper target is pinned to the front of it.

The other word for these targets is ‘butts’ and many old towns and villages in Britain still have a recreational area known as ‘The Butts’. Nowadays they play football or cricket on it, but Henry VIII decreed that all males had to practice his archery skills every Sunday at the butts using a longbow, so that there would be a plentiful source of archers for his army.

In competition archery, every archer aims at his or her own target, but every archer is expected to have exclusively coloured flights, so that if there is a dispute an archer and the arrow can be identified. This is useful for retrieving arrows that have missed the target altogether.

There are usually six arrows shot by each competitor in a series and if they are to be shot from a variety of distances, it is usual to shoot from the furthest distance first. Men normally shoot from 90, 70, 50 and 30 metres, while women customarily shoot from 70, 60, 50 and 30 metres.

Archery as a sport seems to be increasing in popularity, especially as there is a trend in some countries, like the UK, to make it more arduous to get a gun license. They say that fashion goes around and comes back again, well British men are back at the butts practicing their archery skills again in greater numbers than there have been since perhaps the sixteenth century.

Owen Jones, the writer of this piece writes on several topics, but is presently involved with archery bows for sale. If you would like to know more or for special offers, please go to our website at Kids Archery Set.

November 26, 2010

Archery Tips For Novices

There are two main points that an archer has to do well to ensure the best chance of regularly hitting the target. The first is to hold the string steady at full draw until the archer is ready to shoot and secondly, releasing the string in the right manner every time. Most suggestions for novices should help the beginner to achieve these two goals.

‘Creep’ is the first issue that a novice should guard against. Creep is the phenomenon of the arrow, string and hand creeping forward as the archer takes aim. It is vital to hold the arrow at full draw for consistency. If the archer permits the hand to creep forward, the shot will not be consistent. Creep is caused by lack of concentration and strain.

The strain comes from trying to shoot a bow that the archer is not yet strong enough to control. People, especially men often attempt to shoot a bow that is too powerful for them. If an archer is experiencing creep, the bow is probably too powerful for him or her at the moment. The archer should use a weaker bow and exercise more until they are stronger.

The effects of creep on the shot are that the archer will not learn how to judge the fall of the arrow over distance and so will probably undershoot, that is, the arrow will possibly fall short. The only way to learn how to use the bow correctly is to always shoot at full draw.

Weariness can also lead to creep, but the archer can regulate this by resting well before a competition, staying fit and not using a bow that takes so much muscle that it cannot be shot for the period of the competition.

The novice archer has to learn how to let go of the arrow too. It is much more difficult to hit the target if the release is not right. The novice should get an skilled archer to demonstrate the release so that he or she does not develop bad habits. The correct way to release the string is to relax the muscles in the tips of the fingers used to draw the string.

Novices often hurt their fingers after a couple of releases, so they try to release the string too quickly which can lead to pulling the string to the side a little. This little shake can send the arrow off course.

The release should be clean and to the rear of the arrow, not to the side. If the release is to the rear, the arrow will fly accurately to where the archer pointed it. If the archer is having a great deal of trouble toughening up the finger tips, it is possible to use a string release device, which will take the strain off the finger tips until they can be toughened up.

An archer could try the karate methods of hardening the skin and the hand. One of these is to plunge the straight fingers into sand. An archer could also try a guitarists’ method, that of daubing the finger tips with methylated spirits on a regular basis.

Owen Jones, the author of this article writes on various topics, but is currently involved with longbows for sale. If you would like to know more or for special offers, please go to our website at Kids Archery Set.

November 5, 2010

Archery Suppliers On Line

Do you have a leisure pursuit that you like to carry out out of doors or are you eternally glued to the chair in front of your PC? If you never get out, then that is a shame and you ought to take that common piece of guidance and get out more often .

And do what? – you may ask. Yes, well that is your concern, is it not? But there are hundreds if not thousands of things that you can do in the open air and they are all better than sitting down in front of your PC no matter what you are doing with your computer.

I will confess that I spend too much time at my desk, although, in my defense, I will say that that is how I make my living. However, I do like to get out-of-doors sometimes too. I live in a country where foreigners, such as myself, are not permitted to own or carry anything that might be construed as a weapon. This includes penknives as well.

When I venture out into the beautiful countryside it is only to walk with my wife and look for animals – mostly snakes and birds.. However, I have had a lifelong fascination for archery.

Something within me desires to be able to hit a target from a long distance. I do not want to kill anything, but I am alright with people who do so long as it is for a good reason.

It would be fantastic to manufacture a bow and the arrows to accompany it. I am Welsh and have always wanted a Welsh longbow, although it takes a lot of strength to pull a longbow. The minimum draw weight in medieval days used to be 160 lbs for a war bow, for hunting it was 100 lbs, but these days it is more like 60 lbs.

However, this is still pretty heavy for modern man, who does not usually pick up anything heavier than a pint of beer.

There are some great archery dealers, but if you do not live near one, you ought to go on line and either order from there or get a catalogue sent to you. Two good places to start are ‘Footed Shaft’ and ‘Three Rivers’ archery suppliers.

Both of these companies will send you your desired items through the post and they have any kind of archery supplies that you may need. For example, they have finished goods such as bows and arrows, but they also supply nocks, feathers, arrow shafts and points so that you can make your own arrows.

Do you want to make your own bow too? No problem. You can either buy a kit with all the bits and instructions or you can buy a book or DVD and buy the parts yourself.

These and other on line archery equipment dealers provide good value for money and have very comprehensive stocks of archery products. Their catalogues and web sites are easy to navigate and use as well.

Owen Jones, the writer of this article writes on various subjects, but is presently concerned with archery recurve bows. If you would like to know more or for special offers, please go to our website at Kids Archery Set.

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