Most insects will defend themselves if they feel threatened. This is fairly amazing when you think about how small insects are likened with the mammalian interloper. Most insects will only attack if you wander into their territory.
There are also insects that have to drink blood and they actively seek their prey. This sort includes insects like mosquitoes, bed bugs and fleas.
Ants form the largest segment of biters. All ants will try to bite if they feel the need, but most black ants simply do not have big enough mandibles (or jaws) to get a grasp.
The big exception in all ant and ant-like species are the soldiers, which have huge mandibles compared to the workers.
Red ants may bite with or without poison and some sting as well. Formic acid is their normal chemical weapon. Some ants inject it, which is what we feel if we get bitten by red ants, but other ants spray it into the eyes of its attackers.
The most agonizing sting of any insect is provided by the Bullet Ant of Central and South America. The Bullet Ant’s sting has the top rating possible on the Schmidt Sting Pain Index. The index ranges from zero to four; zero being painless (to humans) through two for bees and wasps to four for agonizing pain.
The Fire Ant, which is renowned for its painful bite ranks a 1.2 on this scale, but level 1.8 is likened to having a staple fired into your cheek. The European honey bee is on number two and the Red Harvester Ant is on level three.
Some bites and stings are not so high on the index but may still become fatal. The Jack Jumper Ant is in this group and individuals, particularly hypersensitives, have been known to die from Fire Ant stings, which inject piperidine alkaloids rather than formic acid.
The jaws of the Trap Jaw Ant are the fastest closing jaws in the animal kingdom. They have been measured at 230 KPH (143 MPH). Another curious ant defence is carried out by a Malaysian species: it ejects its stomach on to its aggressor.
The stomach acids contain acetophones which completely immobilize insects. Regrettably, the soldier dies because its stomach has been torn out.
Bees, ants and wasps are all related in the order called Hymenoptera. Bees and wasps only sting although some wasps do have large jaws too. One definition of a wasp is ‘any insect of the order Hymenoptera that is neither a bee nor an ant’ (Wikipedia).
Not all wasps are black and yellow. There are not a lot of insects that do not have a type of wasp preying on it, which makes them very vital in the biocontrol of harmful insects. A lot of wasps do not sting their prey to kill it for food, they sting it to immobilize it.
When paralyzed, the wasp lays her eggs in the prey, which becomes fresh food for her young when they hatch out. This is usually the only time when a wasp eats meat in its whole life, because adult wasps feed on nectar and honey like bees.
As a bee stings it releases pheromones which encourage other bees nearby to sting too. The most aggressive stingers though are vespid wasps (common black and yellow wasps).
Fleas, ticks and bed bugs, unlike mosquitoes, really feed on blood, that is they use it for food, whereas the mosquito needs it as the ‘white’ of her eggs. There have been times in our history when losing a few drops of blood to a flea was not the worst thing about being bitten by them.
They also carried the Plague, which wiped out a substantial percentage of the populace of Europe a number of times.
Spiders and scorpions make up the reasons for the majority of insect bites but they are comparatively rare.
Owen Jones, the writer of this piece, writes on numerous subjects, but is at present concerned with Insect Removal. If you want to know more, please go over to our website now at Pest Management at Home.